Advertisement

Gold rush in east Senegal brings mixed fortunes to miners

Wednesday March 29 2023
Senegalese gold miner

An artisanal gold miner on February 2, 2023 digs at the Bantakokouta gold mine. Bantakokouta in South-eastern Senegal close to the border of Mali has in recent years more than doubled in size with the recent gold rush, allegedly attracting migrant workers from 19 different African countries. PHOTO | JOHN WESSELS | AFP

By AFP

Mohamed Bayoh scales down into the deep pitch-black hole, hoping to emerge with a nugget that would change his life.

The 26-year-old Guinean is one of thousands of West Africans who have flocked to remote Eastern Senegal in search of gold.

The rush for the precious metal has dramatically transformed Bantakokouta, a town on the borders of Mali and Guinea.

The locals numbered just a few dozen two decades ago, now there are several thousand on the back of a floating population of dream-seekers and risk-takers with gold in their eyes.

Over time, their ant-like labour has left the landscape looking like a Swiss cheese.

As far as the eye can see through the pervasive dusty mist, small, huddled groups protected from the sun by makeshift branch shelters haul up spoil scratched from the ground.

Advertisement

Women sit nearby sorting the rocks into two mounds, a big one for the discards and a much smaller one for the promising samples.

The same scenes are played out every day, with no guarantee of any success.

‘Determined to get rich’

"Working here is like playing the lottery, you are never sure of winning," sighed Bayoh, who said he was nonetheless determined to stay put until he gets rich.

Other sites in the gold-rich region have been taken over by mining corporations, sometimes triggering land disputes with local people.

Mining.

Mining raw rocks in Taiba, Senegal. PHOTO | AFP

But in Bantakokouta, informal mining has been allowed to carry on.

Diggers stay typically stay for a few months and sometimes just days, to chance their arm hoping for a lucky strike that will enable them to send money home or start a business.

“I am here to find a lot of gold to start another life in Guinea,” Bayoh said.

After six months' gruelling work, he had earned enough to buy two motorbikes. 

One gramme (0.03 of an ounce) of gold, roughly equivalent to 60 grains of rice, brings in 30,000 CFA francs, or about $48.

Risks miners face

“But the risks facing miners are many, from fatal falls, cuts and landslips to use of drugs to dull aches and pains,” said Diba Keita, head of a community vigilance committee.

The town itself bears the signs of poverty and transience.

Its alleys are littered with rubbish, with goats and sheep roaming untended. The vast majority of the huts are rudimentary constructions made of bamboo and brushwood.

In Souleymane Segda’s workshop, a 20-year-old from Burkina Faso, put crushed pieces of promising-looking ore through a grinder.

The apparatus takes up most of his room, which has no toilet and doubles as his bedroom. 

The young man is covered in dirt as he sifts through the dust in search of flecks of gold.

gold diggers

Young artisanal gold miners pan for gold at the Bantakokouta gold mine on February 2, 2023.PHOTO | JOHN WESSELS | AFP

The flakes are recovered after washing the dust with mercury, a practice banned because of its health and environmental risks but remains widespread.

"I can earn up to 50,000 CFA francs a day. I go back home as much as I can and when I'll have earned enough, I will leave for good," he said.

Bantakokouta has experienced a surge of activities familiar to gold rushes around the world. These include an influx of stores selling tools and electronic goods, places of worship, a medical post, nightclubs, video gaming rooms and crime.

"The gold has brought wealth. In the past we used to go to Mako, a town 20 kilometres (12 miles) away,” said Waly Keita, 63.

He recalled with nostalgia the time when their mums used to dig in the river bed searching for nuggets, while the men went into the bush to hunt and collect honey.

Read: Senegal traditional wrestling keeps culture alive

“But the gold rush has also brought problems, including banditry and conflict," he said.

The Senegalese and foreigners generally get on well in Bantakokouta, although flare-ups do occur. In 2020, clashes between security forces and Guinean miners resulted in the death of two young men.

Rise in prostitution

In a square a little away from the shops, a young woman in tight blue shorts and a red T-shirt talked on the phone.

"No, it's not good. It's not enough. I'm not going to do anything with you," she said in broken French.

Like dozens of others like her, the young woman had become stranded in the town and had to resort to sex work to survive.

Read: Why scaling up actions for women empowerment is inevitable

"I don't like my job," she said softly with a look of shame.

"Prostitution has become a major problem," said Aliou Bakhoum, head of an NGO called ‘La Lumiere’ (The Light) in the regional capital Kedougou.

"Young women mainly from Nigeria and often under-age, fall victim to highly organized trafficking," Bakhoum said.

He said his association had taken in around 40 girls some as young as 15, and was helping them to return home. 

Traffickers lured the women with the promise of a job, transported them across West Africa and then pressured them to keep their mouths shut when the truth of their situation emerged.

Fear of militia radicalization

“The trafficking has prompted the state to beef up vigilance and invest heavily in security and intelligence,” an anonymous senior Senegalese administrative official said.

The authorities have also intensified operations to secure the border with Mali, fearing militia infiltration from its deeply troubled neighbour.

soldiersmali

Malian soldiers patrolling. PHOTO | ECPAD VIA AFP

Read: Mali junta warns peace deal under threat

"Eastern Senegal would be a very interesting territory for militias, not necessarily for carrying out attacks but for recruitment and funding," a Western diplomat said.

"The gold mining sites are ideal for finding frustrated young people who want to earn money, and gold is very easy to hide as well as trade," the diplomat added.

Bantakokouta has dozens of stalls ran by Malians, where gold is bought and then transported illegally across the border.

A 2021 report by the Timbuktu Institute think-tank highlighted the plight of impoverished and frustrated young people as one of the primary causes of militia radicalization. 

The Kedougou region suffers from over 25 percent unemployment, a poverty rate of more than 70 percent and a worrying school drop-out rate.

As living conditions fall, many young people are tempted to try their luck in the mines. But many emerge disappointed, and willing to resort to just about anything.

Advertisement