By AFP

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The squalid displacement camps near the city of Goma in Eastern DR Congo stand as a testament to the government's struggle to solve insecurity, a key issue ahead of elections later this month.

In the conflict-torn east of the impoverished but mineral-rich nation, many feel abandoned.

"We live like animals," said 28-year-old Anna Mastaki, who lives in one of the camps on the outskirts of Goma, the capital of North Kivu province.

Chantal Uwimana, who also fled the Masisi region, west of Goma, said she hadn't been able to register to vote in the December 20 polls.

Read: Insecurity fears in Eastern DRC ahead of elections

"Are we, the displaced people, not Congolese like everyone else after all?" the mother of eight asked.

"We're going to see this election take place while we're living outside in the rain."

Much of Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo is prey to armed groups, a legacy of regional wars that flared in the 1990s and 2000s. 

One of them, the M23, has seized swathes of territory since late 2021, driving more than a million people from their homes. 

Doctors Without Borders says that tens of thousands of families are still fleeing violence in North Kivu. 

But the ongoing conflict and escalating violence mean the scale of the humanitarian disaster in the region is huge.

According to the United Nations, nearly seven million people have been displaced in the DRC -- the highest number yet recorded in the country. 

Read: Struggles of DR Congo displaced women

President Felix Tshisekedi, 60, who is running for re-election, has promised to tackle rampant insecurity.

"As long as I haven't solved the problem of security, I won't have succeeded in my mandate," he said on a 2021 visit to the east.

But after five years in power, the situation in eastern DRC has only grown worse. 

Thousands of civilians have been killed and tens of thousands of women have been raped, according to figures from research groups and humanitarian organisations. 

Right to vote

Hundreds of thousands of people inhabit displacement camps near Goma, most having fled clashes in the province.

The Tutsi-led M23 group took up arms again in 2021 after years of dormancy, launching a campaign that has seen it seize strategic towns across North Kivu and come within several dozen kilometres (miles) of Goma. 

The DRC, several Western countries including the United States, and independent United Nations experts accuse Rwanda of backing the M23, a claim denied by Kigali.

After several months of calm on the front lines, clashes erupted again in October, pitting the M23 against Congolese soldiers and pro-government militias.

Read: DR Congo declares new ‘war’ on M23

Living in dire poverty in one of the camps, Bahati Nvano, 45, complained of feeling cast aside as the rest of the country gears up to cast their ballots.

He fled his native Kiwanja, about 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Goma, with his children, only to end up crammed into a makeshift tarpaulin tent.

"We haven't received our voters' cards," he said, expressing worry because the document is one of the few ID cards accepted in the DRC. 

Nvano said he was "stunned" he wouldn't be able to vote on election day.

"Every Congolese has the right to vote," he shrugged. 

Trial and error

After a military counteroffensive against the M23 fizzled out in mid-November, Tshisekedi declared that parts of North Kivu Province would "unfortunately" not be able to vote. 

Voting will not take place in Masisi and Rutshuru territories, where M23 fighters are active.

Fred Bauma, director of Kinshasa-based think tank Ebuteli, said that Tshisekedi's recent policies to tackle the conflict appeared to have been ineffective.

Read: Is Tshisekedi really keen on holding polls?

There is a perception he's engaging in "trial and error," Bauma added.

Regional tensions have exploded since last year, to the point where UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in October expressed concerns about the risk of a direct confrontation between the DRC and Rwanda. 

Many see the president as having failed to calm tensions in Eastern DRC.

Rampant inflation is also hurting his popularity in the region. 

Still, most of the displaced people around Goma interviewed by AFP said that if they could vote, they would choose Tshisekedi in order to give him a chance to resolve a chaotic situation that he inherited. 

Several presidential candidates have hit the campaign trail in Eastern DRC, pledging to bring peace to the region.