The protagonists in new fighting in Congo’s South Kivu

M23 rebels gather on a pick-up truck with recovered guns during a community street-cleaning exercise in Bukavu, eastern DRC, on February 20, 2025.

Photo credit: Reuters

Fresh fighting in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo is threatening to unravel last week’s peace deal with Rwanda, signed in Washington. And what is often a direct conflict between Kinshasa and Kigali now risks drawing in new players and widening the war.

On Tuesday, the UN reported at least 74 deaths as M23 rebels clashed with a joint force of Burundian and Congolese soldiers. More than 200,000 civilians fled into Rwanda, turning Kigali into both a refuge and a flashpoint.